Exam 70-461
Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012/2014
Published: June 11, 2012
Languages: English, Chinese (Simplified), French, German, Japanese, Portuguese (Brazil)
Audiences: IT professionals
Technology: Microsoft SQL Server 2012/2014
Credit toward certification: MCP, MCSA, MCSE
This Training Covers
This exam measures your ability to accomplish the technical tasks listed below. The percentages indicate the relative weight of each major topic area on the exam. The higher the percentage, the more questions you are likely to see on that content area on the exam. View video tutorials about the variety of question types on Microsoft exams.
Please note that the questions may test on, but will not be limited to, the topics described in the bulleted text.
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In December 2015, this exam was evaluated for applicability to both SQL Server 2012 and SQL Server 2014. It was determined that no updates to exam objectives were required.
Create database objects (20–25%)
Create and alter tables using T-SQL syntax (simple statements)
Create tables without using the built in tools; ALTER; DROP; ALTER COLUMN; CREATE
Create and alter views (simple statements)
Create indexed views; create views without using the built in tools; CREATE, ALTER, DROP
Design views
Ensure code non regression by keeping consistent signature for procedure, views and function (interfaces); security implications
Create and modify constraints (simple statements)
Create constraints on tables; define constraints; unique constraints; default constraints; primary and foreign key constraints
Create and alter DML triggers
Inserted and deleted tables; nested triggers; types of triggers; update functions; handle multiple rows in a session; performance implications of triggers
Preparation resources
Tables
Views
table_constraint (Transact-SQL)
Work with data (25–30%)
Query data by using SELECT statements
Use the ranking function to select top(X) rows for multiple categories in a single query; write and perform queries efficiently using the new (SQL 2005/8->) code items such as synonyms, and joins (except, intersect); implement logic which uses dynamic SQL and system metadata; write efficient, technically complex SQL queries, including all types of joins versus the use of derived tables; determine what code may or may not execute based on the tables provided; given a table with constraints, determine which statement set would load a table; use and understand different data access technologies; case versus isnull versus coalesce
Implement sub-queries
Identify problematic elements in query plans; pivot and unpivot; apply operator; cte statement; with statement
Implement data types
Use appropriate data; understand the uses and limitations of each data type; impact of GUID (newid, newsequentialid) on database performance, when to use what data type for columns
Implement aggregate queries
New analytic functions; grouping sets; spatial aggregates; apply ranking functions
Query and manage XML data
Understand XML datatypes and their schemas and interop w/, limitations and restrictions; implement XML schemas and handling of XML data; XML data: how to handle it in SQL Server and when and when not to use it, including XML namespaces; import and export XML; XML indexing
Preparation resources
SELECT (Transact-SQL)
INTO clause (Transact-SQL)
FROM (Transact-SQL)
Modify data (20–25%)
Create and alter stored procedures (simple statements)
Write a stored procedure to meet a given set of requirements; branching logic; create stored procedures and other programmatic objects; techniques for developing stored procedures; different types of storeproc result; create stored procedure for data access layer; program stored procedures, triggers, functions with T-SQL
Modify data by using INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements
Given a set of code with defaults, constraints, and triggers, determine the output of a set of DDL; know which SQL statements are best to solve common requirements; use output statement
Combine datasets
Difference between UNION and UNION all; case versus isnull versus coalesce; modify data by using MERGE statements
Work with functions
Understand deterministic, non-deterministic functions; scalar and table values; apply built-in scalar functions; create and alter user-defined functions (UDFs)
Preparation resources
CREATE PROCEDURE (Transact-SQL)
ALTER PROCEDURE (Transact-SQL)
INSERT (Transact-SQL)
Troubleshoot and optimize (25–30%)
Optimize queries
Understand statistics; read query plans; plan guides; DMVs; hints; statistics IO; dynamic vs. parameterized queries; describe the different join types (HASH, MERGE, LOOP) and describe the scenarios they would be used in
Manage transactions
Mark a transaction; understand begin tran, commit, and rollback; implicit vs explicit transactions; isolation levels; scope and type of locks; trancount
Evaluate the use of row-based operations vs. set-based operations
When to use cursors; impact of scalar UDFs; combine multiple DML operations
Implement error handling
Implement try/catch/throw; use set based rather than row based logic; transaction management
Preparation resources
Transaction statements (Transact-SQL)
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL (Transact-SQL)
Cursors
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