AZ-400 – Q&A PDF Exam

Description

Audience profile DevOps engineers are developers or infrastructure administrators who also have subject matter expertise in working with people, processes, and products to enable continuous delivery of value in organizations. Responsibilities for this role include designing and implementing strategies for collaboration, code, infrastructure, source control, security, compliance, continuous integration, testing, delivery, monitoring, and feedback. DevOps engineers work on cross-functional teams that include developers, site reliability engineers, and Azure administrators. DevOps engineers must have experience with administering and developing in Azure, with strong skills in at least one of these areas. They should be familiar with both Azure DevOps and GitHub. Skills at a glance Configure processes and communications (10–15%) Design and implement source control (15–20%) Design and implement build and release pipelines (40–45%) Develop a security and compliance plan (10–15%) Implement an instrumentation strategy (10–15%) Configure processes and communications (10–15%) Configure activity traceability and flow of work Plan and implement a structure for the flow of work and feedback cycles Identify appropriate metrics related to flow of work, such as cycle times, time to recovery, and lead time Integrate Azure Pipelines and GitHub Actions with work item tracking tools Implement traceability policies decided by development Integrate a repository with Azure Boards Configure collaboration and communication Communicate actionable information by using custom dashboards in Azure Boards Document a project by using tools, such as wikis and process diagrams Configure release documentation, including release notes and API documentation Automate creation of documentation from Git history Configure notifications by using webhooks Design and implement source control (15–20%) Design and implement a source control strategy Design and implement an authentication strategy Design a strategy for managing large files, including Git LFS and git-fat Design a strategy for scaling and optimizing a Git repository, including Scalar and cross-repository sharing Implement workflow hooks Plan and implement branching strategies for the source code Design a branch strategy, including trunk-based, feature branch, and release branch Design and implement a pull request workflow by using branch policies and branch protections Implement branch merging restrictions by using branch policies and branch protections Configure and manage repositories Integrate GitHub repositories with Azure Pipelines Configure permissions in the source control repository Configure tags to organize the source control repository Recover data by using Git commands Purge data from source control Design and implement build and release pipelines (40–45%) Design and implement pipeline automation Integrate pipelines with external tools, including dependency scanning, security scanning, and code coverage Design and implement quality and release gates, including security and governance Design integration of automated tests into pipelines Design and implement a comprehensive testing strategy (including local tests, unit tests, integration tests, and load tests) Design and implement UI testing Implement orchestration of tools, such as GitHub Actions and Azure Pipelines Design and implement a package management strategy Design a package management implementation that uses Azure Artifacts, GitHub Packages, NuGet, and npm Design and implement package feeds, including upstream sources Design and implement a dependency versioning strategy for code assets and packages, including semantic versioning and date-based Design and implement a versioning strategy for pipeline artifacts Design and implement pipelines Select a deployment automation solution, including GitHub Actions and Azure Pipelines Design and implement an agent infrastructure, including cost, tool selection, licenses, connectivity, and maintainability Develop and implement pipeline trigger rules Develop pipelines, including classic and YAML Design and implement a strategy for job execution order, including parallelism and multi-stage Develop complex pipeline scenarios, such as containerized agents and hybrid Configure and manage self-hosted agents, including virtual machine (VM) templates and containerization Create reusable pipeline elements, including YAML templates, task groups, variables, and variable groups Design and implement checks and approvals by using YAML environments Design and implement deployments Design a deployment strategy, including blue/green, canary, ring, progressive exposure, feature flags, and A/B testing Design a pipeline to ensure reliable order of dependency deployments Plan for minimizing downtime during deployments by using VIP swap, load balancer, and rolling deployments Design a hotfix path plan for responding to high-priority code fixes Implement load balancing for deployment, including Azure Traffic Manager and the Web Apps feature of Azure App Service Implement feature flags by using Azure App Configuration Feature Manager Implement application deployment by using containers, binary, and scripts Design and implement infrastructure as code (IaC) Recommend a configuration management technology for application infrastructure Implement a configuration management strategy for application infrastructure, including IaC Define an IaC strategy, including source control and automation of testing and deployment Design and implement desired state configuration for environments, including Azure Automation State Configuration, Azure Resource Manager, Bicep, and Azure Automanage Machine Configuration Maintain pipelines Monitor pipeline health, including failure rate, duration, and flaky tests Optimize pipelines for cost, time, performance, and reliability Analyze pipeline load to determine agent configuration and capacity Design and implement a retention strategy for pipeline artifacts and dependencies Develop a security and compliance plan (10–15%) Design and implement a strategy for managing sensitive information in automation Implement and manage service connections Implement and manage personal access tokens Implement and manage secrets, keys, and certificates by using Azure Key Vault, GitHub secrets, and Azure Pipelines secrets Design and implement a strategy for managing sensitive files during deployment Design pipelines to prevent leakage of sensitive information Automate security and compliance scanning Automate analysis of source code by using GitHub code scanning, GitHub secrets scanning, pipeline-based scans, and SonarQube Automate security scanning, including container scanning and OWASP ZAP Automate analysis of licensing, vulnerabilities, and versioning of open-source components by using Mend Bolt and GitHub Dependency Scanning Implement an instrumentation strategy (10–15%) Configure monitoring for a DevOps environment Configure and integrate monitoring by using Azure Monitor Configure and integrate with monitoring tools, such as Azure Monitor and Application Insights Manage access control to the monitoring platform Configure alerts for pipeline events Analyze metrics Inspect distributed tracing by using Application Insights Inspect application performance indicators Inspect infrastructure performance indicators, including CPU, memory, disk, and network Identify and monitor metrics for business value Analyze usage metrics by using Application Insights Interrogate logs using basic Kusto Query Language (KQL) queries Sample Questions QUESTION 1 What should you use to implement the code quality restriction on the release pipeline for the investment planning applications suite? 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